Clinical Question:
Does Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet reduce metabolic risks in
patients with metabolic syndrome?
Bottom Line:
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet can likely reduce
most of the metabolic risks in both men and women; the related mechanisms
need further study.
Reference:
Beneficial Effects of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Eating Plan
on Features of the Metabolic Syndrome.Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh
A, Azizi T, Azizi F. Diabetes Care. 2005 Dec;28(12):2823-2831.
Study Design:
Randomized Controlled Trial
Setting:
Outpatient
Synopsis:
To determine the effects of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
eating plan on metabolic risks in patients with the metabolic syndrome. This
was a randomized controlled outpatient trial conducted on 116 patients with
the metabolic syndrome. Three diets were prescribed for 6 months: a control
diet, a weight-reducing diet emphasizing healthy food choices, and the DASH
diet with reduced calories and increased consumption of fruit, vegetables,
low-fat dairy, and whole grains and lower in saturated fat, total fat, and
cholesterol and restricted to 2,400 mg Na. The main outcome measures were
the components of the metabolic syndrome. Relative to the control diet, the
DASH diet resulted in higher HDL cholesterol (7 and 10 mg/dl), lower
triglycerides (-18 and -14 mg/dl), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-12 and
-11 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-6 and -7 mmHg), weight (-16 and -14
kg), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-15 and -8 mg/dl), and weight (-16 and -15
kg), among men and women, respectively (all P < 0.001). The net reduction in
triglycerides (-17 and -18 mg/dl), SBP (-11 and -11 mmHg), diastolic blood
pressure (-5 and -6 mmHg), and FBG (-4 and -6 mg/dl), weight (-16 and -15
kg), and increase in HDL (5 and 10 mg/dl) among men and women, respectively,
was higher in the DASH group (all P < 0.05). The weight-reducing diet
resulted in significant change in triglycerides (-13 and -10 mg/dl), SBP (-6
and -6 mmHg), and weight (-13 and -12 kg) among men and women, respectively
(all P < 0.05).
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