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Chronic Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways,
particularly the bronchi, characterized by productive
cough for more than three months duration for two
consecutive years. The excessive mucus production cause
airflow obstruction making it difficult for the air to
get in.
Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of this condition. The smoke
irritates the airway hence even the second hand smokers have increased risk
of having the condition. Other lung irritants like dust, chemical fumes,
aerosol products, and air pollution may worsen the condition.
The expectorated sputum may be blood-streaked owing to the irritation of
the bronchial lining. Other symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath,
headache, and fatigue.
The goal of treatment is to relieve the symptoms and prevent
complications. It is also important to avoid exposure to the irritants and
to stop smoking to prevent exacerbation. Physical exercise is very important
to help improve the lung condition and strengthen the immune system.
Inhaled bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications are given to
improve airway condition. Antibiotics may be given if the doctor finds that
they are needed. For unresponsive individuals, corticosteroids are
indicated.
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