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Clinical Question:
Does eating high-temperature cooked meat increase risk with prostate cancer?
Bottom Line:
Very well done meat was positively associated with prostate cancer risk. In
addition, this study lends epidemiologic support to the animal studies,
which have implicated PhIP as a prostate carcinogen. (Cancer Res 2005;
65(24): 11779-84).
Study:
Prospective Study
Reference:
A prospective study of meat and meat mutagens and prostate cancer risk.Cross
AJ, Peters U, Kirsh VA, Andriole GL, Reding D, Hayes RB, Sinha R. Cancer
Res. 2005 Dec 15;65(24):11779-84.
Synopsis:
High-temperature cooked meat contains heterocyclic amines, including
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). In rodents, a high
intake of PhIP induces prostate tumors. We prospectively investigated the
association between meat and meat mutagens, specifically PhIP, and prostate
cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening
Trial. Diet was assessed using a 137-item food frequency questionnaire and a
detailed meat-cooking questionnaire linked to a database for BaP and the
heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline (MeIQx),
2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx), and PhIP. During
follow-up, we ascertained a total of 1,338 prostate cancer cases among
29,361 men; of these, 868 were incident cases (diagnosed after the first
year of follow-up) and 520 were advanced cases (stage III or IV or a Gleason
score of >/=7). Total, red, or white meat intake was not associated with
prostate cancer risk. More than 10 g/d of very well done meat, compared with
no consumption, was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of prostate
cancer [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.05-1.92] and a 1.7-fold
increased risk (95% CI, 1.19-2.40) of incident disease. Although there was
no association with MeIQx and DiMeIQx, the highest quintile of PhIP was
associated with a 1.2-fold increased risk of prostate cancer (95% CI,
1.01-1.48) and a 1.3-fold increased risk of incident disease (95% CI,
1.01-1.61). |